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• The article was published in the journal Food Additives and Contaminants, in June 2009 and is available at: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a912638337&fulltext=713240928
• This article reports that, in comparison with the migration (i.e., leaching of the chemical BPA from the bottle into liquid contents) from polycarbonate bottles, non-polycarbonate baby bottles and baby bottle liners showed only “trace” levels of BPA (只含微量的雙酚Ａ). This study indicated that non-polycarbonate baby bottles, therefore, may be good alternatives to polycarbonate bottles.
• Some bottles were found, in laboratory testing, to contain tiny, “trace” amounts of BPA, most of them in the range of parts per trillion. One part per trillion, as an example, is equivalent to one cent in $10 billion.
• Due to advanced technological techniques, scientists are often able to detect minute quantities of substances that are of no apparent biological significance (但對人體無明顯影響).
• These trace amounts may have been detected due to improved sensitivity of modern laboratory instruments. Such tiny amounts are not harmful.
• The results reported in this study relate only to the items tested and should not be interpreted as indicative for all bottles and liners from any one source. Note that Health Canada did not test all products available on the Canadian market

• In the lab, the bottles and liners were tested for the migration of BPA over various time periods using water and 10% ethanol as food simulants.
• To measure BPA migration from bottles and liners, the sample was filled with boiling water (Table 1.) or 10% ethanol at 85 degrees C (Table 2.), then cooled to 60 degrees C and held at that temperature for 2, 22, 96, or 238 hours (approximately 2 hours, 1, 4, or 10 days). Even the least severe of these conditions (2 hours) is more severe than expected normal use. The liquid was then collected from the sample bottles and liners and the concentration of BPA was determined.
• Nine non-polycarbonate bottles and two polycarbonate bottles were tested with water as a food simulant (Table 1.). Tests concluded that the two polycarbonate bottles contained higher levels of BPA, in comparison with the non-polycarbonate bottles. (Note: Neither of the two bottles that tested higher had claimed to be “BPA-free.”). Ten non-polycarbonate bottles and liners were also tested using 10% ethanol as a food simulant to mimic low alcohol foods, as per the guidance to industry from the United States Food and Drug Administration (Table 2.) The presence of alcohol changes the sensitivity of the test. In almost every case, there were no measurable amounts of BPA
• The results for the two polycarbonate bottles were not included in the published study. For comparison, the results for all eleven bottles are shown below.
• The results for the ten bottle liners tested are also shown in the tables 1 and 2.