If a parent has a cleft and is the only one in the family with it, the chance the baby will have it is 2-5%. If there is more than one person in the family with it, the cleft risk is 10-12%. If you're a parent with a brother/sister with a cleft, but you yourself do not have one, the chance your baby will have it is 1%. Genetic tests may be helpful as risk may rise to 50% if a syndrome involved.
For example, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a disorder caused by the deletion of a small piece of chromosome 22. The deletion occurs near the middle of the chromosome at a location designated q11.2.
The features of this syndrome vary widely, even among affected members of the same family, and involve many parts of the body. Characteristic signs and symptoms include heart defects that are often present from birth, an opening in the roof of the mouth (a cleft palate) or other palate defects, and mild differences in facial features. People with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome often experience recurrent infections caused by problems with the immune system, and some develop autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease.
Also, in 2004, a worldwide team involving the University of Iowa identified the gene IRF6 as a contributor to about 12 percent of cases of the common form of cleft lip and palate.
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