Aluminum salts are widely used in antiperspirants because they chemically and/or physically block sweat secretion. It is well known that excessive aluminum exposure is potentially toxic and could result in anemia, bone disease and dementia, but most antiperspirants containing aluminum are thought to be relatively safe, at least in non-pregnant women.[3] However, at least one case report now suggests that continuous exposure to large dosages of antiperspirants with percentages of aluminum salts ≥20% could cause bone damage and extreme fatigue associated with hyperaluminemia (elevated aluminum levels) in the user.[3] While some manufacturers suggest that the usage of such antiperspirants is safe for pregnant women, the pregnancy risk classification for the most common active ingredients in antiperspirants, aluminum chloride hexahydrate and aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex, were set at category C. This rating indicates that the substance could cause potential damage to the fetus, and that pregnant women should avoid the substance if possible.[4] Studies have shown that about 3.6 µg of aluminum as contained in antiperspirants, is absorbed percutaneously through human female skin per application of 0.230 g of 21% aluminum chlorohydrate.[5] In addition, other studies have shown that this uptake is much less than the accumulation of aluminum resulting from dietary exposure.[6] This evidence indicates that transdermal uptake of aluminum containing salts does occur to a low to moderate degree, and that women who are pregnant or nursing should probably avoid the frequent and long-term use of antiperspirants with high levels of aluminum. However, short-term use of these products is presumably safe.[1]
The use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants in breastfeeding mothers is of minimal risk. In one rabbit study, only 2% of a dose administered entered the milk compartment and even less than this was orally absorbed by the offspring. [7] Since the absorption of aluminum salts orally is virtually nil, the use of antiperspirants with high aluminum levels is probably not a risk for the infant of a breastfeeding mother. However, the same study did report decreased milk production in rabbits exposed to high doses of aluminum. Thus, women who wish to preserve their milk supply may want to avoid products, such as antiperspirants with high concentrations of aluminum, which could increase their aluminum intake.
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